|
Monogamy ( ) is a form of relationship in which an individual has only one partner during his or her lifetime or at any one time (serial monogamy), as compared to polygyny, polyandry, or polyamory.〔 The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of having only one mate at any one time. It is important to have a clear understanding of the nomenclature of monogamy because scientists use the term monogamy for different relationships. Biologists, biological anthropologists, and behavioral ecologists often use the term monogamy in the sense of sexual, if not genetic, monogamy.〔Low B.S. (2003) Ecological and social complexities in human monogamy. Monogamy: Mating Strategies and Partnerships in Birds, Humans and Other Mammals:161–176.〕 Modern biological researchers, using the theory of evolution, approach human monogamy as the same in human and non-human animal species. They postulate the following four aspects of monogamy: * Marital monogamy refers to marriages of only two people. * Social monogamy refers to two partners living together, having sex with each other, and cooperating in acquiring basic resources such as shelter, food, and money. * Sexual monogamy refers to two partners remaining sexually exclusive with each other and having no outside sex partners. * Genetic monogamy refers to sexually monogamous relationships with genetic evidence of paternity.〔 When cultural or social anthropologists and other social scientists use the term monogamy, the meaning is social or marital monogamy.〔〔 Marital monogamy may be further distinguished between: # marriage once in a lifetime; # marriage with only one person at a time (serial monogamy), in contrast to bigamy or polygamy;〔 Human monogamy's legal aspects are taught at faculties of law. There are also philosophical aspects in the field of interest of e.g. philosophical anthropology and philosophy of religion, as well as theological ones. ==Etymology== The word ''monogamy'' comes from the Greek μονός, ''monos'' which means one or alone, and γάμος, ''gamos'' which means marriage.〔Cf. "Monogamy" in ''Britannica World Language Dictionary'', R.C. Preble (ed.), Oxford-London 1962, p. 1275:''1. The practice or principle of marrying only once. opp. to digamy now ''rare'' 2. The condition, rule or custom of being married to only one person at a time (opp. to polygamy or bigamy) 1708. 3. Zool. The habit of living in pairs, or having only one mate''; The same text repeats ''The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary'', W. Little, H.W. Fowler, J. Coulson (ed.), C.T. Onions (rev. & ed.,) Oxford 1969, 3rd edition, vol.1, p.1275; (OED Online ). March 2010. Oxford University Press. 23 Jun. 2010 Cf. (Monogamy ) in Merriam-Webster Dictionary〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monogamy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|